Jabba the Hutt Gamer Jabba the Hutt Fan Art
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| Jabba the Hutt | |
|---|---|
| Star Wars character | |
| 250px Jabba as he appears in Return of the Jedi (1983). | |
| Publication data | |
| Showtime appearance | Return of the Jedi (1983) |
| Last advent | Star Wars: The Clone Wars |
| Created by | George Lucas |
| Portrayer | Declan Mulholland (Episode IV; deleted scene, later restored and overlapped with CGI for 1997 Special Edition and subsequent releases) David Alan Barclay/Toby Philpott/Mike Edmonds (puppeteers in Episode Vi ) |
| Information | |
| Species | Hutt |
| Alliances | Hutt Cartel |
| No Championship | |
|---|---|
| 250px Jabba as he appears in Return of the Jedi (1983). | |
| No Title | No data |
Jabba the Hutt is a character appearing in George Lucas's space opera film saga Star Wars . He is depicted as a big, slug-like[one] alien. His appearance has been described by film critic Roger Ebert equally a cross between a toad and the Cheshire Cat.[two]
In the original theatrical releases of the original Star Wars trilogy, Jabba the Hutt first appeared in Return of the Jedi (1983), though he is mentioned in Star Wars (1977) and The Empire Strikes Dorsum (1980), and a previously deleted scene involving Jabba the Hutt was added to the 1997 theatrical re-release and subsequent habitation media releases of Star Wars. Jabba's role in Star Wars is primarily combative; he is introduced as the near powerful crime boss in Tatooine, who has a bounty on Han Solo's caput. He employs a retinue of criminals, bounty hunters, smugglers, assassins and bodyguards to operate his criminal empire. He keeps a host of entertainers at his disposal at his palace: slaves, droids and alien creatures. Jabba has a grim sense of humor, an insatiable appetite, and affinities for gambling, slave girls, and torture.[3]
The character was incorporated into the Star Wars merchandising entrada that corresponded with the theatrical release of Return of the Jedi. Besides the films, Jabba the Hutt is featured in not-catechism Star Wars Legends expanded universe literature. Jabba the Hutt's epitome has since played an influential role in popular culture, peculiarly in the United States. The name is used as a satirical literary device and a political caricature to underscore negative qualities such every bit morbid obesity and corruption.[4] [5]
Appearances
Jabba the Hutt appears in three of the seven live-action Star Wars films and The Clone Wars . He has a recurring role in Star Wars expanded universe literature and stars in the comic book album Jabba the Hutt: The Art of the Bargain (1998), a collection of comics originally published in 1995 and 1996.
Star Wars films
Jabba is get-go seen in 1983 with the third installment of the original Star Wars trilogy, Return of the Jedi. Directed past Richard Marquand and written by Lawrence Kasdan and George Lucas, the first act of Render of the Jedi features the attempts of |Princess Leia Organa (Carrie Fisher), the Wookiee Chewbacca (Peter Mayhew), and Jedi Knight Luke Skywalker (Marking Hamill) to rescue their friend, Han Solo (Harrison Ford), who had been imprisoned in carbonite in the previous picture show, The Empire Strikes Back.[vi]
The captured Han is delivered to Jabba by the bounty hunter Boba Fett (Jeremy Bulloch) and placed on display in the crime lord's throne room. Lando Calrissian (Baton Dee Williams), droids C-3PO (Anthony Daniels) and R2-D2 (Kenny Baker), Leia, and Chewbacca infiltrate Jabba's palace to relieve Han. Leia herself is presently enslaved by the Hutt, and she is forced to wearable her iconic golden bikini, equally well as existence chained to Jabba. Soon after Leia is enslaved, Luke arrives to "bargain for Solo's life"; simply Jabba condemns Luke, Han, and Chewbacca to the Sarlacc. At the Great Pit of Carkoon, Luke escapes execution with the help of R2-D2 and defeats Jabba's guards. During the subsequent confusion, Leia strangles Jabba to death; whereafter Luke, Leia, Han, Lando, Chewbacca, C-3PO, and R2-D2 escape.[6]
The second moving picture appearance of Jabba the Hutt is in the Special Edition of A New Promise which was released in 1997 to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the original Star Wars. Here (as in the original), Han Solo disputes with the alien compensation hunter Greedo (Paul Blake and Maria De Aragon), whom he kills; and Jabba confirms Greedo'due south last words and demands that Han pay the value of the payload lost past him. Han promises to compensate Jabba every bit shortly as he receives payment for delivering Obi-Wan Kenobi (Alec Guinness), Luke Skywalker, R2-D2, and C-3PO to Alderaan; just Jabba threatens to place a toll on Solo himself, upon failure. This conversation was an unfinished scene of the original 1977 film, in which Jabba was played by Declan Mulholland in human form. In the 1997 Special Edition version of the film, a CGI rendering of Jabba replaces Mulholland, and his voice is redubbed in the fictional language of Huttese.[7]
Jabba the Hutt makes his third motion-picture show appearance in the 1999 prequel, Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace, in which Jabba gives the order to begin a podrace at Mos Espa on Tatooine. With this done, Jabba falls asleep, and misses the race'south conclusion.[8] [ix]
Jabba makes his last appearance in Star Wars: The Clone Wars , wherein his son Rotta is captured by Separatists; Anakin Skywalker and Ahsoka Tano render him to Jabba, in exchange for the safe passage of Commonwealth ships through his territory. Jabba has likewise appeared in three episodes of the third season of the series: In the episode "Sphere of Influence", Jabba is faced past Chairman Papanoida, whose daughters were kidnapped by Greedo, and Jabba allows a sample of Greedo's claret to be taken to evidence him the kidnapper. In the episode "Evil Plans", Jabba hires the bounty hunter Cad Bane to bring him plans for the Senate building. When Blight returns successful, Jabba and the Hutt Council send Bane to free Ziro the Hutt from prison. Jabba makes i brusk appearance in the episode "Hunt for Ziro" in which he is seen laughing at Ziro's death at the paw of Sy Snootles, and pays her for delivering Ziro's holo-diary. In the fifth season's episode "Eminence", Jabba and the Hutt Council are approached past Darth Maul, Savage Opress, and Pre Vizsla; and when disappointed by these, Jabba sends bounty hunters Embo, Sugi, Latts Razzi, and Dengar to capture them. Later on a battle, the Shadow Collective confront Jabba at his palace on Tatooine, where Jabba agrees to an alliance.
Star Wars literature
Jabba as he appears in Curiosity Comic'southward adaptation of the first Star Wars film
The beginning appearances of Jabba the Hutt in non-canon Star Wars Legends literature were in Marvel Comics' adaptations of A New Hope. In Vi Against the Galaxy (1977) by Roy Thomas, What Ever Happened to Jabba the Hut? (1979) and In Mortal Combat (1980), both by Archie Goodwin, Jabba the Hutt (originally spelled Hut) appeared equally a tall humanoid with a walrus-like face, a topknot, and a bright compatible. The official "Jabba" was non yet established every bit he had all the same to be seen.
While awaiting the sequel to Star Wars, Curiosity kept the monthly comic going with their own stories, 1 of which includes Jabba tracking Han Solo and Chewbacca down to an old hideaway they use for smuggling. However, circumstances force Jabba to lift the compensation on Solo and Chewbacca, thus enabling them to return to Tatooine for an adventure with Luke Skywalker—who has returned to the planet in gild to recruit more pilots for the Rebel Brotherhood. In the course of another adventure, Solo kills the infinite pirate Crimson Jack and busts up his operation, which Jabba bankrolled. Jabba thus renews the reward for Solo's head and Solo later kills a compensation hunter who tells him why he is hunted in one case more. He and Chewbacca return to the rebels. (Solo mentions an incident with a "bounty hunter nosotros ran into on Ord Mantell" in the opening scenes of The Empire Strikes Back.)
The Curiosity artists based this Jabba on a graphic symbol later named Mosep Binneed, an alien visible only briefly in the Mos Eisley cantina scene of A New Hope.[10] [eleven] [12] [13] The 1977 mass market paperback novelization of Lucas's Star Wars script describes Jabba equally a "great mobile tub of musculus and suet topped by a shaggy scarred skull", but gives no further detail as to the character's concrete appearance or species.[fourteen]
Later Non-Canonical Expanded Universe novels and comics prefer a version of the grapheme's image every bit seen in the film. They as well elaborate on his background prior to the events of the Star Wars films. For instance, Zorba the Hutt's Revenge (1992), a young developed novel by Paul and Hollace Davids, reveals that Jabba's father is a powerful crime lord named Zorba the Hutt and that Jabba was born 596 years before the events of A New Promise, making him around 600 years old at the time of his decease in Return of the Jedi.[15] Ann C. Crispin'south novel The Hutt Gambit (1997) explains how Jabba the Hutt and Han Solo become business associates and portrays the events that pb to a bounty beingness placed on Han's head.[xvi] Other Expanded Universe stories—especially the anthology of Dark Horse comics by Jim Woodring titled Jabba the Hutt: The Art of the Bargain (1998)—likewise particular Jabba the Hutt'due south ascension to the head of the Desilijic association, his role in the criminal underworld of the Star Wars universe, and the establishment of his crime syndicate on Tatooine in the Star Wars galaxy's Outer Rim Territories.[17]
Tales From Jabba'southward Palace (1996), a collection of short stories edited by science fiction author Kevin J. Anderson, pieces together the lives of Jabba the Hutt'due south various minions in his palace and their human relationship to him during the final days of his life. The stories reveal that few of the Hutt's servants are loyal to him and most are in fact plotting to have him assassinated. When Jabba the Hutt is killed in Return of the Jedi, his surviving former courtiers join forces with his rivals on Tatooine and his family unit on the Hutt homeworld Nal Hutta make claims to his palace, fortune, and criminal empire.[eighteen] Timothy Zahn'south novel Heir to the Empire (1991) reveals that a smuggler named Talon Karrde eventually replaces Jabba as the "big fish in the pond", and moves the headquarters of the Hutt'due south criminal empire off Tatooine.[xix]
Characterization
Jabba the Hutt exemplifies lust, greed, and gluttony.[xx] The grapheme is known throughout the Star Wars universe as a "vile gangster"[21] who amuses himself past torturing and humiliating his subjects and enemies. He surrounds himself with scantily-clad slave girls of all species, chained to his belvedere. The Star Wars Databank—an official online database of Star Wars information—remarks that residents of his palace are not safety from his desire to boss and torture:[22] in Return of the Jedi, the Twi'lek slave dancer Oola is fed to the rancor monster.[23]
"Await Jabba, side by side fourth dimension y'all wanna talk to me, come meet me yourself. Don't send one of these twerps." – Star Wars Episode IV: A New Promise (remastered, 2004)
Jabba the Hutt's physical appearance reinforces his personality as a criminal deviant: in Return of the Jedi, Han Solo entitles Jabba a "slimy piece of worm-ridden filth"; and motion picture critic Roger Ebert describes him as "a cantankerous between a toad and the Cheshire Cat";[ii] and astrophysicist and science fiction writer Jeanne Cavelos gives Jabba the "award for virtually disgusting alien".[24] Scientific discipline fiction authors Tom and Martha Veitch write that Jabba's body is a "miasmic mass", and that "The Hutt'due south lardaceous body seemed to periodically release a greasy discharge, sending fresh waves of rotten stench" into the air.[25] Jabba's ambition is insatiable, and some authors portray him threatening to eat his subordinates.[26] [27]
Nonetheless, in one Expanded Universe story, Jabba prevents a Chevin named Ephant Mon from freezing to death on an water ice planet; whereafter Ephant Monday becomes his servant.[28] In Star Wars: The Clone Wars, Jabba seems to accept genuine affection for his son Rotta, and is worried by his kidnapping and angered by his supposed death.
Lucas has noted that there was a potential role for Jabba in future Star Wars films.[29]
Concept and cosmos
Jabba the Hutt's advent underwent several changes between different versions of the films. The shift in the concept of Jabba the Hutt from a furry creature to a slug and from a boob to CGI represent ii of the more glaring changes to the character in the concept and cosmos procedure.
Episode IV: A New Promise
The original script to A New Hope describes Jabba as a "fatty, slug-like beast with eyes on extended feelers and a huge ugly mouth",[13] just Lucas stated in an interview that the initial grapheme he had in mind was much furrier and resembled a Wookiee. When filming the scene betwixt Han Solo and Jabba in 1976, Lucas employed Northern Irish histrion Declan Mulholland to play the stand-in and read Jabba the Hutt's lines wearing a shaggy brown arrange. Lucas planned to replace Mulholland in mail-production with a terminate-motion animate being. The scene was meant to connect Star Wars to Return of the Jedi and explain why Han Solo was imprisoned at the end of The Empire Strikes Back.[30] Nevertheless, Lucas decided to leave the scene out of the last pic on business relationship of budget and time constraints and because he felt that it did not heighten the film'southward plot.[31] The scene remained in the novelization, comic book, and radio adaptations of the film.
Harrison Ford (left) and Declan Mulholland, Jabba the Hutt's stand up-in, in an uncompleted scene from A New Promise in 1976
Lucas revisited the scene in the 1997 Special Edition release of A New Hope, restoring the sequence and replacing Mulholland with a CGI version of Jabba the Hutt and the English dialogue with Huttese, a fictional linguistic communication created past audio designer Ben Burtt. Joseph Letteri, the visual effects supervisor for the Special Edition, explained that the ultimate goal of the revised scene was to make it expect every bit if Jabba the Hutt was actually on the set talking to and acting with Harrison Ford and that the crew had simply photographed it. Letteri stated that the new scene consisted of v shots that took over a year to complete.[32] [33] The scene was polished farther for the 2004 release on DVD, improving Jabba's advent with advancements in CGI techniques, although neither release looks exactly like the original Jabba the Hutt boob.[34]
At one betoken of the original scene, Ford walks behind Mulholland. This became a problem when adding the CGI Jabba, since he had a tail that happened to be in the fashion. Eventually, this problem was solved by having Han stepping on Jabba's tail, causing the Hutt to react with a yelp of pain.
Lucas confesses that people were disappointingly upset well-nigh the CGI Jabba's appearance, complaining that the graphic symbol "looked fake". Lucas dismisses this, stating that whether a grapheme is portrayed as a puppet or equally CGI, it will always be "fake" since the graphic symbol is not real. He says he sees no difference betwixt a puppet fabricated of latex and i generated by a calculator.
Episode VI: Return of the Jedi
Concept artwork of Jabba the Hutt for Render of the Jedi designed by Industrial Light & Magic
Lucas based the CGI on the character as he originally appeared in Return of the Jedi. In this film, Jabba the Hutt is an immense, sedentary, slug-similar creature designed past Lucas's Industrial Light & Magic Creature Store. Design consultant Ralph McQuarrie claimed, "In my sketches Jabba was huge, agile, sort of an apelike figure. But and then the design went into some other direction, and Jabba became more than similar a worm kind of creature."[36] According to the 1985 documentary From Star Wars to Jedi, Lucas rejected initial designs of the graphic symbol. I made Jabba announced too human—almost similar a Fu Manchu character—while a second fabricated him look too snail-like. Lucas finally settled on a design that was a hybrid of the 2, drawing for further inspiration on an O'Galop (Marius Rossillon) cartoon effigy flanking an early delineation[37] of Bibendum, the "Michelin Man."[38] Return of the Jedi costume designer Nilo Rodis-Jamero commented,
My vision of Jabba was literally Orson Welles when he was older. I saw him as a very refined man. Most of the villains we like are very smart people. Merely Phil Tippett kept imagining him as some kind of slug, almost like in Alice in Wonderland . At one fourth dimension he sculpted a animal that looked like a slug that's smoking. I kept thinking I must be really off, but somewhen that's where information technology led up to."[39]
Product and design
Designed by visual effects artist Phil Tippett,[forty] Jabba the Hutt was inspired by the anatomy of several brute species. His torso structure and reproductive processes were based on annelid worms, hairless animals that accept no skeleton and are hermaphroditic. Jabba'southward head was modeled after that of a snake, consummate with bulbous, slit-pupilled eyes and a oral cavity that opens broad enough to swallow large prey. His skin was given moist, amphibian qualities. Jabba's blueprint would come up to represent nigh all members of the Hutt species in subsequent Star Wars fiction.[41]
In Return of the Jedi, Jabba is portrayed by a one-ton puppet that took 3 months and half a million dollars to construct. While filming the movie, the puppet had its own makeup artist. The boob required 3 puppeteers to operate, making it one of the largest e'er used in a move picture.[38] Stuart Freeborn designed the puppet, while John Coppinger sculpted its latex, clay, and foam pieces. Puppeteers included David Alan Barclay, Toby Philpott, and Mike Edmonds, who were members of Jim Henson'southward Muppet group. Barclay operated the right arm and mouth and read the character'southward English language dialogue, while Philpott controlled the left arm, head, and tongue. Edmonds, the shortest of the three men (he also played the Ewok Logray in subsequently scenes) was responsible for the move of Jabba'southward tail. Tony Cox, who also played an Ewok, would aid as well. The eyes and facial expressions were operated by radio control.[13] [38]
Design of the Jabba the Hutt puppet for Return of the Jedi
Lucas voiced displeasure in the puppet'south appearance and immobility, lament that the boob had to exist moved around the set to movie different scenes. In the DVD commentary to the Special Edition of Render of the Jedi, Lucas notes that if the engineering science had been available in 1983, Jabba the Hutt would have been a CGI graphic symbol similar to the one that appears in the Special Edition scene of A New Hope.
Jabba the Hutt but speaks Huttese on moving picture, but his lines are subtitled in English. His voice and Huttese-language dialogue were performed by vocalism actor Larry Ward, whose work is not listed in the end credits.[38] [42] A heavy, booming quality was given to Ward'southward voice by pitching it an octave lower than normal and processing it through a subharmonic generator.[43] A soundtrack of wet, slimy sound effects was recorded to back-trail the movement of the puppet's limbs and mouth.[44]
Jabba the Hutt's musical theme throughout the film, equanimous by John Williams, is played on a tuba. I reviewer of Return of the Jedi's soundtrack comments, "Among the new thematic ideas [of the score is] Jabba the Hutt's beautiful tuba slice (playing along the politically wrong lines of tubas representing fatness) ...."[45] The theme is very similar to 1 Williams wrote for a heavyset character in Fitzwilly (1967), though the theme does not appear on that picture show's soundtrack album. Williams after turned the theme into a symphonic piece performed by the Boston Pops Orchestra featuring a tuba solo by Chester Schmitz. The role of the piece in film and pop civilization has go a focus of study by musicologists such equally Gerald Sloan, who says Williams' piece "blends the monstrous and the lyrical."[46]
According to film historian Laurent Bouzereau, Jabba the Hutt's death in Return of the Jedi was suggested by script writer Lawrence Kasdan. Lucas decided Leia should strangle him with her slave chain. He was inspired by a scene from The Godfather (1972) where an obese graphic symbol named Luca Brasi (Lenny Montana) is garroted by an assassin.[47]
Portrayal
Jabba the Hutt was played by Declan Mulholland in scenes cut from the 1977 release of Star Wars . In Mulholland's scenes as Jabba, Jabba is represented as a rotund human dressed in a shaggy fur glaze. George Lucas has stated his intention was to apply an alien creature for Jabba, but the special effects technology of the fourth dimension was not upwards to the task of replacing Mulholland. In 1997, the "Special Edition" re-releases restored and contradistinct the original scene to include a computer generated portrayal of Jabba. In Render of the Jedi , he was played by puppeteers Mike Edmonds, Toby Philpott, David Alan Barclay[48] and voiced past Larry Ward. Jabba is played by an uncredited vox-actor in the 1997 special edition of "Star Wars IV", and in The Phantom Menace. In The Phantom Menace'south stop credits, Jabba is credited as playing himself. His puppeteers have appeared in the documentaries From Star Wars to Jedi: The Making of a Saga and Classic Creatures: Render of the Jedi . David Alan Barclay, who was one of the puppeteers for Jabba in the film, voiced Jabba in the Super Nintendo video game version of Return of the Jedi . In the radio drama adaption of the original trilogy, Jabba is played by Ed Asner. In the film Star Wars: The Clone Wars and the following television series, Jabba is portrayed by Kevin Michael Richardson. All other video game appearances of Jabba were played by Clint Bajakian. Jabba was supposed to appear in Star Wars: The Force Unleashed , simply was left out due to time constraints. A cutscene was produced featuring a conversation between Jabba and Juno Eclipse (voiced past Nathalie Cox), which was scrapped from the game. He appears in the Ultimate Sith Edition.
Cultural impact
With the premiere of Return of Jedi in 1983 and the accompanying merchandising campaign, Jabba the Hutt became an icon in American popular civilisation. The grapheme was produced and marketed as a series of activeness figure play sets by Kenner/Hasbro from 1983 to 2004.[49] In the 1990s, Jabba the Hutt starred in his own comic volume series collectively titled Jabba the Hutt: The Art of the Deal.[50]
Jabba's part in popular culture extends across the Star Wars universe and its fans. In Mel Brooks' Star Wars spoof Spaceballs (1987), Jabba the Hutt is parodied as the graphic symbol Pizza the Hutt, a cheesy blob shaped like a slice of pizza whose name is a double pun on Jabba the Hutt and the restaurant franchise Pizza Hut. Like Jabba, Pizza the Hutt is a loan shark and mobster. The grapheme meets his demise at the end of Spaceballs when he becomes "locked in his car and [eats] himself to decease."[51] The Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C., included a display on Jabba the Hutt in the temporary exhibition Star Wars: The Magic of Myth, which closed in 1999. Jabba'due south display was called "The Hero'south Return," referencing Luke Skywalker's journey toward becoming a Jedi.[52]
Mass media
Since the release of Render of the Jedi, the name Jabba the Hutt has become synonymous in American mass media with repulsive obesity. The name is utilized as a literary device—either as a simile or metaphor—to illustrate character flaws. For case, in Under the Duvet (2001), Marian Keyes references a trouble with gluttony when she writes, "wheel out the birthday cake, I experience a Jabba the Hutt moment coming on."[53] As well, in the novel Steps and Exes: A Novel of Family (2000), Laura Kalpakian uses Jabba the Hutt to emphasize the weight of a character's male parent: "The girls used to call Janice's parents Jabba the Hutt and the Wookiee. Just so Jabba (Janice's father) died, and it didn't seem right to speak of the dead on those terms."[54] In Dan Brown's beginning novel Digital Fortress , an NSA technician is affectionately nicknamed Jabba the Hutt.
In his book of sense of humor and popular civilisation The Dharma of Star Wars (2005), writer Matthew Bortolin attempts to show similarities betwixt Buddhist teachings and aspects of Star Wars fiction. Bartolin insists that if a person makes decisions that Jabba the Hutt would make, then that person is not practicing the proper spiritual concept of dharma. Bortolin's book reinforces the thought that Jabba's name is synonymous with negativity:
One way to see if we are practicing right livelihood is to compare our trade with that of Jabba the Hutt. Jabba has his fat, stubby fingers in many of the pots that led to the dark side. He dealt largely in illegal "spice" trade—an illicit drug in the Star Wars galaxy. He also transacts business concern in the slave trade. He has many slaves himself, and some he fed to the Rancor, a creature he kept caged and tormented in his dungeon. Jabba uses deception and violence to maintain his position.[55]
Outside literature, the graphic symbol'southward name has become an insulting term of disparagement. To say that someone "looks like Jabba the Hutt" is commonly understood equally a slur to impugn that person's weight and/or appearance.[4] The term is oft employed by the media every bit an set on on prominent figures. Another reference appears in the Family Guy episode "He's As well Sexy for His Fat" when Peter mentions his husky ancestor Jabba the Griffin.[56]
In another sense of the term, Jabba the Hutt has come up to correspond greed and chaos, especially in the business world.[5] Jabba the Hutt ranked #iv on the Forbes Fictional 15 list of wealthiest fictional characters in 2008.
Jabba the Hutt has likewise become a pop means of extravaganza in American politics. William G. Ouchi uses the term to draw what he sees every bit the inefficient hierarchy of the public school system: "With all of these unnecessary layers of organizational fatty, schoolhouse districts have come up to resemble Jabba the Hutt—the pirate leader in Star Wars."[57]
References
- ↑ Time magazine review, May 23, 1983 [one]; concluding accessed Nov 26, 2008.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Roger Ebert, review of Return of the Jedi, Chicago Lord's day-Times, May 25, 1983, at RogerEbert.com; final accessed July 3, 2006.
- ↑ Sansweet, Star Wars Encyclopedia, pp. 146–147.
- ↑ 4.0 4.ane For example, run across "Fat Wars: The Obesity Empire Strikes Back" at Center for Consumer Liberty.
- ↑ v.0 five.1 Kuiper, Koenraad. "Star Wars: An Royal Myth," Journal of Popular Civilisation 21.four (Bound 1988): p. 78.
- ↑ six.0 6.1 Render of the Jedi, dir. Richard Marquand (DVD, 20th Century Play tricks, 2005), disc 1.
- ↑ Star Wars Episode IV: A New Promise, Special Edition, dir. George Lucas (DVD, 20th Century Fox, 2005), disc 1.
- ↑ "Mos Espa 1000 Arena" at the Star Wars Databank.
- ↑ Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace, dir. George Lucas (DVD, 20th Century Flim-flam, 1999), disc 1.
- ↑ Roy Thomas, Marvel Star Wars #two: Six Against the Galaxy (Marvel, August 1977).
- ↑ Archie Goodwin, Marvel Star Wars #28: What Ever Happened to Jabba the Hut? (Marvel, October 1979).
- ↑ Archie Goodwin, Marvel Star Wars #37: In Mortal Combat (Curiosity, July 1980).
- ↑ xiii.0 thirteen.1 13.ii Jabba the Hutt, Behind the Scenes, Star Wars Databank; final accessed July 3, 2006.
- ↑ George Lucas, Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker (paperback; New York: Del Rey, 1977), p. 107, ISBN 0-345-26079-i.
- ↑ Paul Davids and Hollace Davids, Zorba the Hutt's Revenge (New York: Runted Spectra, 1992), ISBN 0-553-15889-9.
- ↑ A. C. Crispin, The Hutt Gambit (New York: Runted Spectra, 1997), ISBN 0-553-57416-7.
- ↑ Jim Woodring, Jabba the Hutt: The Art of the Deal (Dark Equus caballus Comics, 1998), ISBN 1-56971-310-3.
- ↑ Kevin J. Anderson, ed., Tales from Jabba'due south Palace (paperback; New York: Bantam Spectra, 1996), ISBN 0-553-56815-9.
- ↑ Timothy Zahn, Heir to the Empire (paperback; New York: Bantam Spectra, 1991), p. 27, ISBN 0-553-29612-4.
- ↑ Murray Pomerance, "Hitchcock and the Dramaturgy of Screen Violence", in Steven Jay Schneider, ed., New Hollywood Violence (Manchester, Eng.: Manchester Academy Press, 2004), p. 47, ISBN 0-7190-6723-v.
- ↑ From the championship clamber of Return of the Jedi; likewise a clarification from the Return of the Jedi novelization at Del Rey; terminal accessed July 3, 2006.
- ↑ Jabba the Hutt, The Movies, Star Wars Databank; final accessed July 3, 2006.
- ↑ Kathy Tyers, "A Time to Mourn, A Time to Dance: Oola's Tale", in Anderson, ed., Tales from Jabba's Palace, p. fourscore.
- ↑ Jeanne Cavelos, "Simply Because It Goes 'Ho Ho Ho' Doesn't Mean It's Santa", The Science of Star Wars: An Astrophysicist'south Independent Examination of Infinite Travel, Aliens, Planets, and Robots as Portrayed in the Star Wars Films and Books (New York: St. Martin'due south Press, 1999), p. 57, ISBN 0-312-20958-4.
- ↑ Tom Veitch and Martha Veitch, "A Hunter'southward Fate: Greedo's Tale", in Kevin J. Anderson, ed., Tales from the Mos Eisley Cantina (paperback; New York: Bantam Spectra, 1995), pp. 49–53, ISBN 0-553-56468-4.
- ↑ Ryder Windham, This Crumb for Rent, in A Decade of Nighttime Horse #2 (Dark Horse Comics, 1996).
- ↑ Esther Grand. Friesner, "That's Entertainment: The Tale of Salacious Crumb", in Anderson, ed., Tales from Jabba's Palace, pp. 60–79.
- ↑ Ephant Mon, Expanded Universe Star Wars Databank; terminal accessed July 3, 2006.
- ↑ Render of the Jedi: The rewards of myth. AA Berger - Club, 1984 - Springer
- ↑ George Lucas interview, Star Wars Episode 4: A New Promise, Special Edition (VHS, 20th Century Fox, 1997).
- ↑ George Lucas commentary, Star Wars Episode Iv: A New Promise, Special Edition, dir. George Lucas, (DVD, 20th Century Play tricks, 2004).
- ↑ Joseph Letteri interview, Star Wars Episode Iv: A New Hope, Special Edition (VHS, 20th Century Fox, 1997).
- ↑ "A New Hope: Special Edition — What has changed?: Jabba the Hutt", January 15, 1997, at StarWars.com; last accessed July 3, 2006. Archived March 13, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Star Wars: The Changes — Part One" at DVDActic.com; last accessed July 3, 2006.
- ↑ Ralph McQuarrie, quoted in Laurent Bouzereau, Star Wars: The Annotated Screenplays (New York: Del Rey, 1997), p. 239, ISBN 0-345-40981-seven.
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Michelin_Poster_1898.jpg, at viewer's right
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 From Star Wars to Jedi: The Making of a Saga, narrated by Mark Hamill (1985; VHS, CBS Fox Video, 1992).
- ↑ Nilo Rodis-Jamero, quoted in Bouzereau, Annotated Screenplays, p. 239.
- ↑ Biography of Phil Tippett at StarWars.com; final accessed July 3, 2006. Archived July 8, 2006 at the Wayback Motorcar
- ↑ "Hutt", in Stephen J. Sansweet, Star Wars Encyclopedia (NewYork: Del Rey, 1998), p. 134, ISBN 0-345-40227-8.
- ↑ Larry Ward at the Internet Moving picture Database; final accessed July iii, 2006.
- ↑ Tomlinson Holman, Sound for Film and Boob tube (Burlington, Mass.: Focal Press, 2002), p. 11, ISBN 0-240-80453-8.
- ↑ Ben Burtt commentary, Star Wars Episode VI: Render of the Jedi, Special Edition, dir. Richard Marquand (DVD, 20th Century Play a trick on, 2004).
- ↑ Review of Return of the Jedi soundtrack by Filmtracks.com; last accessed July three, 2006.
- ↑ Gerald Sloan, "Yuba Meets Jabba: The Expanding Role of Tuba in Film Music", TUBA Periodical, quoted in "Evening The Score: UA Professor Explores Tuba Music In Pic", June 27, 2000, at University of Arkansas Daily Digest; last accessed July 3, 2006.
- ↑ Bourezeau, Annoted Screenplays, p. 259.
- ↑ David Alan Barclay
- ↑ A consummate Jabba the Hutt play sets sold by Kenner in 1983 was valued at $70 in 2003 past collectors if in mint condition and with original packaging. See Geoffrey T Carlton, Star Wars Super Collector's Wish Book: Identification & Values (Paducah, Ky.: Collector Books, 2003), p. 13, ISBN one-57432-334-2.
- ↑ Richard von Busack, "Jabba the Hutt slimes her way through a new graphic novel," review of Jabba the Hutt: The Fine art of the Deal at Metroactive Books.
- ↑ Spaceballs, Dr. Mel Brooks (MGM, 1987).
- ↑ "The Hero'southward Return", Star Wars: The Myth of Magic exhibition at National Air and Space Museum.
- ↑ Keyes, Marian. Under the Duvet: Shoes, Reviews, Having the Dejection, Builders, Babies, Families and Other Calamities (New York: HarperCollins, 2001), p. 199, ISBN 0-06-056208-0.
- ↑ Kalpakian, Laura. Steps and Exes: A Novel of Family (New York: HarperCollins, 2000), p. 58, ISBN 0-380-80659-2.
- ↑ Bortolin, Matthew. The Dharma of Star Wars (Somerville, Mass.: Wisdom Publications, 2005), p. 139. ISBN 0-86171-497-0
- ↑ Motion picture Connections for "He's Also Sexy for His Fatty" at the Internet Movie Database
- ↑ Ouchi, William Chiliad. Making Schools Piece of work: A Revolutionary Program to Get Your Children the Instruction They Need (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2003), p. 96. ISBN 0-7432-4630-6
Farther reading
- Mangels, Andy. The Essential Guide to Characters. New York: Del Rey, 1995. ISBN 0-345-39535-2.
- Reynolds, David West. Star Wars Episode I: The Visual Dictionary. New York: DK Publishing, 1999. ISBN 0-7894-4701-0.
- Wallace, Daniel and Kay How. The New Essential Guide to Characters. New York: Del Rey, 2002. ISBN 0-345-44900-2.
- Wallace, Daniel, and Kevin J. Anderson. The New Essential Chronology. New York: Del Rey, 2005. ISBN 0-345-49053-3.
- Wixted, Martin. Star Wars Galaxy Guide vii: Mos Eisley. Honesdale, Penn.: West Stop Games, 1993. ISBN 0-87431-187-Ten.
External links
- Jabba the Hutt Official Page at Template:URL
- Jabba Desilijic Tiure on Wookieepedia: a Star Wars Wiki
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Source: https://neoencyclopedia.fandom.com/wiki/Jabba_the_Hutt
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